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Quantitative Analysis for Managerial Applications(1) What do you understand by time series analysis? How would you go about conducting such an analysis for forecasting the sales of a product in your firm?(2) Compare time series analysis with other methods of forecasting, briefly summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of various methods.(3) What would be the considerations in the choice of a forecasting method?(4) What are the basic steps in establishing a relationship between variables from a given data?(5) What do you understand by the term correlation? Explain how the study of correlation helps in forecasting demand of a product.(6) Why is forecasting so important in business? Identify applications of forecasting for(a) Long term decisions.(b) Medium term decisions.(c) Short term decisions.(7) What is the practical utility of the central limit theorem in applied statistics?(8) What is the major difference between probability and non-probability sampling?(9) Discuss the important of measuring variability for managerial decision making.?(10) Review the advantages and disadvantages of each of the measures of variation.(11) What is the concept of relative variation? What problem situations call for the use of relative variation in their solution?(12) Distinguish between Karl Pearson's and Bowley's coefficient of skewness. Which one of these would you prefer and why?(13) List the various measures of central tendency studied in this unit and explain the difference between them.?(14) Discuss the mathematical properties of arithmetic mean and median?(15) Review for each of the measure of central tendency, their advantages and disadvantages?(16) Explain how you will decide which average to use in a particular problem?(17) What are quantiles? Explain and illustrate the concepts of quartiles, deciles and percentiles?(18) Explain the purpose and methods of classification of data giving suitable examples?(19) What are the general guidelines of forming a frequency distribution with particular reference to the choice of class intervals and number of classes?(20) Explain the various diagrams and graphs that can be used for charting a frequency distribution?(21) What are ogives? Point out the role. Discuss the method of constructing ogives with the help of an example.(22) Distinguish between primary and secondary data. Discuss the various methods of collecting primary data. Indicate the situation in which each of these methods should be used?(23) Discuss the validity of the statement: "A secondary source is not as reliable as a primary source."(24) Discuss the various sources of secondary data. Point out the precautions to be taken while using such data?(25)State the essentials of a good questionnaire? Describe briefly the questionnaire method of collecting primary data. 

(26) Explain what precautions must be taken while drafting a useful questionnaire?(27) As the personnel manager in a particular industry, you are asked to determine the effect of increased wages on output. Draft a suitable questionnaire for this purpose?(28) It you were to conduct a survey regarding smoking habits among students of IGNOU, what method of data collection would you adopt? Give reasons for your choice?(29) Distinguish between the census and sampling methods of data collection and compare their merits and demerits. Why is the sampling method unavoidable in certain situations?(30) Explain their `population' and `sample'. Explain why it is sometimes necessary and often desirable to collect information about the population by conducting a sample survey instead of complete enumeration?(31) Think of any major decision you made recently. Recall the steps taken by you to arrive at the final decision. Prepare a list of those steps?(32) Comment on the following statements:(a)"Statistics are numerical statement of facts but all facts numerically stated are not statistics".(b)"Statistics is the science of averages".(33) What is the type of the following models?(a)Frequency curves in statistics,(b)Motion films,(c)Flow chart in production control, and(d)Family of equations describing the structure of an atom.(34) List at least two applications of statistics in each, functional area of management.(35)What factors in modern society contribute to the increasing importance of quantitative approach to management?(36)Describe the major phases of statistics. Formulate a business problem and analyse it by applying these phases?(37) Explain the distinction between:(a) Static and dynamic models(b) Analytical and simulation models(c) Descriptive and prescriptive models.(38) Describe the main features of the quantitative approach to management?

Capital Investment and Financing Decisions PART 1 Very important Guess(1) What is corporate restructuring? What motivates an enterprise to engage in restructuring exercise?(2) Discuss various forms of mergers. What are the driving forces for mergers & acquisitions?(3) Discuss various steps involved in a merger.(4) What are the regulatory provisions in India regarding mergers and acquisitions?(5) How would you assess merger as a source of value addition?(6) What is the cost of a merger from the point of the acquiring company?(7) How would you determine the present value of a merger from the point of view of the acquiring company?(8) What is financial engineering? Do you feel financial engineers play an economic role in the society?(9) Briefly discuss the financial engineering process that you will follow while developing new products or solutions.(10) List down with examples any five variables that contribute new products development.(11) Explain how fixed income securities are used to manage product price risk?(12) Discuss innovation that took place in equity products and explain what they achieved?(13) What is non-voting share? How is it useful to the company and investors?(14) What is the use of derivatives? Is it an instrument designed for speculators or useful to others too?(15) Explain any two derivative products and show the value addition in them.(16) What are the factors which influence management’s dividend of a certain amount?(17) Discuss the implications of making dividends tax free.(18) “If it is all very well saying that I can sell shares that may mean selling at the bottom of the market. regular dividend, investors can avoid that risk” discuss?(19) “Risky companies tend to have lower target pay out gradual adjustment rates” do you agree? Give reasons?(20) What are the different pay out methods? How do these methods?(21) Distinguish between bonus shares and share split.earnings per share, dividends, and market price?(22)Do you agree with Walter’s dividend model ? Discuss its relevance and limitations.(23)Examine the M.M’s irrelevance hypothesis. Critically evaluate itsassumptions.(24) What is the informational content of dividends? Discuss its its influence on share value. (25) How is lease finance different from that of equity or debt finance?(26) In evaluating funding options, when do you chose lease finance?(27) Is lease finance cheaper than other sources of finance? If so, under what conditions will it be cheaper than other sources of finance?(28) Explain how Securitization is considered as a source of finance? Who are the typical investors for such papers?:(29) Suppose you are working for a venture capital company. What are the things you will look into a proposal that comes to you for venture capital funding?(30) Is it possible to get funds from venture capitalist for all kinds of projects? Explain.(31) How is factoring different from that of traditional bill discounting scheme?(32) Bring out the significance of term lending organisations in the financing of industries.(33) What are the recent trends in the financing of industrial units? Are they going in healthy direction?(34) Briefly highlight the procedures and norms followed by the FIs in extending credit. Can you suggest any modifications to the existing procedure?(35) What is post sanction monitoring? How is monitoring exercised by FIs in India?(36) Bring out the role of nominee-directors in the industrial units. Should we continue this practice?(37)“Convertibility clause is a drag on the Financing facility provided by Indian Financial Institutions”. Comment.?(38) Highlight the important recommendations of Narasimham Committee relating to DFI sector. Are you satisfied with the way government is implementing them?(39) In the present day scenario, should there be restrictions on the form and type of assistance sanctioned by FIs in the country?(40) Briefly discuss the soft loan scheme of IDBI.(41) What do you mean by globalisation? Comment on the level of globalisation of Indian capital market?(42) What are euro issues? Discuss some important instruments of euro currency.(43) Discuss some of the major types of institutions that constitute the international financial system?(44) What are the major global sources of financing? How far have Indian Corporates tapped these global sources?(45) What are the characteristics of capital market? How is it different from money market?(46) Explain the relationship between primary market and secondary market?(47) Assess utility of equity shares as source of corporate financing.(48) “Preference shares are known as ‘hybrid’ securities”. Comment.(49) What is creditorship security? How is it different from ownership security?

Capital Investment and Financing Decisions PART 1 Very important Guess(1) What is corporate restructuring? What motivates an enterprise to engage in restructuring exercise?(2) Discuss various forms of mergers. What are the driving forces for mergers & acquisitions?(3) Discuss various steps involved in a merger.(4) What are the regulatory provisions in India regarding mergers and acquisitions?(5) How would you assess merger as a source of value addition?(6) What is the cost of a merger from the point of the acquiring company?(7) How would you determine the present value of a merger from the point of view of the acquiring company?(8) What is financial engineering? Do you feel financial engineers play an economic role in the society?(9) Briefly discuss the financial engineering process that you will follow while developing new products or solutions.(10) List down with examples any five variables that contribute new products development.(11) Explain how fixed income securities are used to manage product price risk?(12) Discuss innovation that took place in equity products and explain what they achieved?(13) What is non-voting share? How is it useful to the company and investors?(14) What is the use of derivatives? Is it an instrument designed for speculators or useful to others too?(15) Explain any two derivative products and show the value addition in them.(16) What are the factors which influence management’s dividend of a certain amount?(17) Discuss the implications of making dividends tax free.(18) “If it is all very well saying that I can sell shares that may mean selling at the bottom of the market. regular dividend, investors can avoid that risk” discuss?(19) “Risky companies tend to have lower target pay out gradual adjustment rates” do you agree? Give reasons?(20) What are the different pay out methods? How do these methods?(21) Distinguish between bonus shares and share split.earnings per share, dividends, and market price?(22)Do you agree with Walter’s dividend model ? Discuss its relevance and limitations.(23)Examine the M.M’s irrelevance hypothesis. Critically evaluate itsassumptions.(24) What is the informational content of dividends? Discuss its its influence on share value. (25) How is lease finance different from that of equity or debt finance?(26) In evaluating funding options, when do you chose lease finance?(27) Is lease finance cheaper than other sources of finance? If so, under what conditions will it be cheaper than other sources of finance?(28) Explain how Securitization is considered as a source of finance? Who are the typical investors for such papers?:(29) Suppose you are working for a venture capital company. What are the things you will look into a proposal that comes to you for venture capital funding?(30) Is it possible to get funds from venture capitalist for all kinds of projects? Explain.(31) How is factoring different from that of traditional bill discounting scheme?(32) Bring out the significance of term lending organisations in the financing of industries.(33) What are the recent trends in the financing of industrial units? Are they going in healthy direction?(34) Briefly highlight the procedures and norms followed by the FIs in extending credit. Can you suggest any modifications to the existing procedure?(35) What is post sanction monitoring? How is monitoring exercised by FIs in India?(36) Bring out the role of nominee-directors in the industrial units. Should we continue this practice?(37)“Convertibility clause is a drag on the Financing facility provided by Indian Financial Institutions”. Comment.?(38) Highlight the important recommendations of Narasimham Committee relating to DFI sector. Are you satisfied with the way government is implementing them?(39) In the present day scenario, should there be restrictions on the form and type of assistance sanctioned by FIs in the country?(40) Briefly discuss the soft loan scheme of IDBI.(41) What do you mean by globalisation? Comment on the level of globalisation of Indian capital market?(42) What are euro issues? Discuss some important instruments of euro currency.(43) Discuss some of the major types of institutions that constitute the international financial system?(44) What are the major global sources of financing? How far have Indian Corporates tapped these global sources?(45) What are the characteristics of capital market? How is it different from money market?(46) Explain the relationship between primary market and secondary market?(47) Assess utility of equity shares as source of corporate financing.(48) “Preference shares are known as ‘hybrid’ securities”. Comment.(49) What is creditorship security? How is it different from ownership security?

Capital Investment and Financing Decisions PART II Very important Papers(50) Examine potentiality bonds as source of corporate financing.(51) Discuss the capital budgeting techniques without probabilities.(52) Describe the general formulation of a goal programming model.(53) What is meant by utility? Do you feel financial managers should be risk averse? Why or why not?(54) Why should we be concerned with risk in capital budgeting? Is the standard deviation an adequate measure of risk? Can you think of a better measure?(55) If project A has an expected value of net present value of Rs. 20,0000 and a standard deviation of Rs. 40000, is it more risky than project B, whose expected value is Rs. 140000 and standard deviation is Rs. 30000? Explain.?(56) (a) In a probability tree approach to project risk analysis, what are initial, conditional, and joint probabilities?(b) What are the benefits of using simulation to evaluate capital investment projects?(57) What is the purpose of control? To what is it directed?(58) What are the three main types of control systems? What questions should a control system answer?(59) What tools are available to the project manager to use in controlling a project? Identify some characteristics of a good control system?(60) What is the mathematical expression for the critical ratio? What does it tell a manager?(61) How might the project manager integrate the various control tools into a project control system?(62) How could a feedback control system be implemented in project management to anticipate client problems?(63) Define monitoring. Are there any additional activities that should be part of the monitoring function?(64) What are the most critical problems that arise in calculating a rate of return for a prospective investment?(65) What other factors in addition to rate of return analysis should be considered in determining capital expenditures? (66) What percentage of the total project effort do you think should be devoted to planning? Why?(67) Why do you suppose that the coordination of the various elements of the project is considered the most difficult aspect of project implementation?(68) What kinds of problem areas might be included in the project plan?(69) What is the role of systems integration in project management? What are the three major objectives of systems integration?(70) In what ways may the WBS be used as a key document to monitor and control a project?(71) What are the six component planning sequences of project planning?(72) Any successful project plan must contain nine key elements. List these items and briefly describe the composition of each?(73) What are the basic guidelines for systems design that assure that individual components of the system are designed in an optimal manner?(74) What are the general steps for managing each “work package” within a specific project?(75) Critically examine various theories of capital structure?(76) Narrate the factors influencing capital structure?(77) Explain the criteria for determining pattern of capital structure?(78)Discuss the relevance of debt-equity ratio for Indian Public Enterprises?(79) What is a firm’s capital structure? How is it different from financial structure?(80) Under the traditional approach to capital structure, what happens to the cost of debt and cost of equity as the firm’s financial leverage increases?(81) Explain ROI-ROE analysis?(82)Explain the EBIT-EPS approach to the capital structure. Are maximizing value and maximizing EPS the same?(83)Why is the cost of capital considered as the minimum acceptable rate of return on an investment?(84) How is the Cost of Debt Capital ascertained? Give examples.(85) How would you find the cost of capital for proprietorship or partnership firm? Can you thing of any ways to do this? List them.?(86) “Retained earnings are cost free” comment?(87) Discuss various uses of the concept of Cost of Capital?(88) Determine the cost of capital for the following securities?(89) Why is Time Value of Money independent of inflation and risk? Differentiate Present Value and Terminal Value?(90) What is Net Present Value? How is the NPV rule related to the wealth maximization objectives of a firm?(91) What is IRR ? How does it relate to financing decisions? Can you use it for investment decisions of the accept/reject type?(92) What is Investment Decisions? How is it different from financing decisions?(93) Bring out the factors influencing long-term financial decisions of the firm ?(94) ‘Obtaining Positive NPV implies the same thing as minimizing the cost of capital’ Explain with examples?

Capital Investment and Financing Decisions PART II Very important Papers(50) Examine potentiality bonds as source of corporate financing.(51) Discuss the capital budgeting techniques without probabilities.(52) Describe the general formulation of a goal programming model.(53) What is meant by utility? Do you feel financial managers should be risk averse? Why or why not?(54) Why should we be concerned with risk in capital budgeting? Is the standard deviation an adequate measure of risk? Can you think of a better measure?(55) If project A has an expected value of net present value of Rs. 20,0000 and a standard deviation of Rs. 40000, is it more risky than project B, whose expected value is Rs. 140000 and standard deviation is Rs. 30000? Explain.?(56) (a) In a probability tree approach to project risk analysis, what are initial, conditional, and joint probabilities?(b) What are the benefits of using simulation to evaluate capital investment projects?(57) What is the purpose of control? To what is it directed?(58) What are the three main types of control systems? What questions should a control system answer?(59) What tools are available to the project manager to use in controlling a project? Identify some characteristics of a good control system?(60) What is the mathematical expression for the critical ratio? What does it tell a manager?(61) How might the project manager integrate the various control tools into a project control system?(62) How could a feedback control system be implemented in project management to anticipate client problems?(63) Define monitoring. Are there any additional activities that should be part of the monitoring function?(64) What are the most critical problems that arise in calculating a rate of return for a prospective investment?(65) What other factors in addition to rate of return analysis should be considered in determining capital expenditures? (66) What percentage of the total project effort do you think should be devoted to planning? Why?(67) Why do you suppose that the coordination of the various elements of the project is considered the most difficult aspect of project implementation?(68) What kinds of problem areas might be included in the project plan?(69) What is the role of systems integration in project management? What are the three major objectives of systems integration?(70) In what ways may the WBS be used as a key document to monitor and control a project?(71) What are the six component planning sequences of project planning?(72) Any successful project plan must contain nine key elements. List these items and briefly describe the composition of each?(73) What are the basic guidelines for systems design that assure that individual components of the system are designed in an optimal manner?(74) What are the general steps for managing each “work package” within a specific project?(75) Critically examine various theories of capital structure?(76) Narrate the factors influencing capital structure?(77) Explain the criteria for determining pattern of capital structure?(78)Discuss the relevance of debt-equity ratio for Indian Public Enterprises?(79) What is a firm’s capital structure? How is it different from financial structure?(80) Under the traditional approach to capital structure, what happens to the cost of debt and cost of equity as the firm’s financial leverage increases?(81) Explain ROI-ROE analysis?(82)Explain the EBIT-EPS approach to the capital structure. Are maximizing value and maximizing EPS the same?(83)Why is the cost of capital considered as the minimum acceptable rate of return on an investment?(84) How is the Cost of Debt Capital ascertained? Give examples.(85) How would you find the cost of capital for proprietorship or partnership firm? Can you thing of any ways to do this? List them.?(86) “Retained earnings are cost free” comment?(87) Discuss various uses of the concept of Cost of Capital?(88) Determine the cost of capital for the following securities?(89) Why is Time Value of Money independent of inflation and risk? Differentiate Present Value and Terminal Value?(90) What is Net Present Value? How is the NPV rule related to the wealth maximization objectives of a firm?(91) What is IRR ? How does it relate to financing decisions? Can you use it for investment decisions of the accept/reject type?(92) What is Investment Decisions? How is it different from financing decisions?(93) Bring out the factors influencing long-term financial decisions of the firm ?(94) ‘Obtaining Positive NPV implies the same thing as minimizing the cost of capital’ Explain with examples?

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Marketing research question bank(1) A well established consumer oriented company is engaged in the manufacture of detergent cakes and powder. The Company wants to do in depth study on the consumer profile of detergent cake to readjust its brand positioning. How would you go about doing this?(2) Suppose you are the marketing manager of a newly established electronic industry interested in manufacturing Televisions (TVs). How would you go about assessing the present demand for TVs in the country and the forecast for the next five years? (3) Suggest your own methods for overcoming the resistance to using market research if you are employed as marketing head of a large manufacturing organisation?(4) What is cluster analysis? What are its possible applications? (5) State how the following techniques differ from each other (a) Cluster Analysis (b)Discriminant Analysis.(6) An airlines marketing manager wants to segment his customer. How can cluster analysis be used for this purpose?(7) Give few examples of marketing situations where cluster analysis can be used?(8) Discuss with the help of examples the areas where Multi-dimentional Scaling can be applied for?(9) Define conjoint analysis and state its potientail applications? (10) Describe some marketing research problems that you feel may be amenable to conjoint analysis and explain how you would use conjoint analysis in these situation?(11) What are the steps involved in conjoint analysis? Explain with the help of examples.(12) What are the ways in which percentages may be computed in a cross-tabulation table? which way is the best? (13) In a contingency table, what type of hypothesis is tested using chi-square test? What precautions may be taken while applying the test? (14) What are the various measures used to 'measure the strength of association between two nominal variables? Describe them and clearly mention their limitations, if any.(15) Discuss the problem of using the contingency coefficient in intepreting the results of correlation analysis? (16) Explain the difference between correlation & regression?(17) What is the basic use of a chi-square goodness of fit test'? How is the valueof the test statistic calculated? How are the expected frequenciesdetermined? (18) What is the appropriate test statistic for making inferences about a population mean when the variance is known? When the population variance is unknown? Suppose the population variance is unknown, but the sample size is large, what is the appropriate procedure then?(19)Describe, in brief, the importance of editing, coding, classification, tabulation and presentation of data in the context of research study?(20) Discuss the different aspects of classification of data.What are the likely problems encountered in the classification and how they can be handled?(21) Why tabulation is considered essential in a research study? Give the characteristics of a good table?(22) Write briefly about the different forms of data presentation devices?(23) Discuss the fundamental rules of code construction?(24) Discuss with the help of suitable examples various steps involved in data processing? (25) Highlight the main, differences between qualitative and quantitative research?(26) With the help of examples, discuss the areas where qualitative research can be used in marketing?(27) What are the various methods of conducting qualitative research? Discuss advantages and limitations of each of these methods?(28) What are the four different levels of measurement? Discuss the mathematical operations which may or may not be used under each level of measurement? (29) Explain the three criterion of measuring the usefulness of an attitude scale?(30) Distinguish between graphic and itemised rating scale What are the advantages of itemised scale over graphic rating scales? Name the level of measurement which corresponds to the data collected by graphic rating scale?(31) Distinguish between the following:(a) Forced & Non-forced response formats(b) Comparitive & Non-comparitve formats(c) Balanced & Un-balanced formats(31) Show with the help of an example how you can convert ordinal scale measurement to nominal scale measurement?(33) The method of analysis of data depends upon the level of its measurement". Discuss?(34) Indicate giving reasons the scale of measurements for the following variables:(i) Geographical area(ii) Costs(iii) Index numbers(iv) Preferences(v) Cast in a society(35) Distinguish between the validity and reliability of a measure. How may the reliability of a measure be evaluated?(36) What is meant by a questionnaire? (37) What sort of marketing information can he collected with the help of a questionnaire?(38) What are the merits and demerits of a structured questionnaire? (39) In what sort of marketing studies will you use an unstructured questionnaire? (40) Explain the' meaning of open-ended and closed-ended question?(41) Compare and contrast quota sampling with stratified sampling? (42) Point out the basic difference between stratified sampling and cluster sampling?(43) Explain in detail the various sampling designs under non-probability sampling method. Also bring out their relevance in marketing research studies?(44) One of the important reasons for the use of surveys is that they can obtain sound information on what people actions in the future will be. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer?(45) Discuss the main sources of primary and secondary data?(46) What is the type of data available from official publications?(47) What are the limitations associated with the use of secondary data?(48) What are the tools of collecting data from respondents?(49) Discuss the important sources of error in both secondary and primary data?(50) Explain the various extraneous variables which if not controlled in an experiment contaminate the effect of the independent variable? (51) What are the marketing research situations suitable for(a) Focus group study(b) Panel research design(c) Cross-sectional design (d) Quasi-experimental design(52) Distinguish between exploratory and descriptive research design?(53)What are the major reasons for growing importance of Marketing Research in India'? (54) What are the different ways of conducting marketing research'? Describe the scope for outsourcing of marketing research services in India?(55) Suggest some possible areas where marketing research would find increasing application in India'?(56) Briefly comment on the problems faced by researchers in conducting marketing research in India?(57) What is marketing research? (58) Briefly comment on the definition of marketing research?(59) Indicate whether marketing research is relevant to each of the following organization and if so, how each might benefit from it.(a) Your company (b) Central Minis in the Government of India (c) A retail shop(d) A bank (e) A service business(60) What are the major weaknesses of marketing rese-1rch? (61) Suggest some of the precautions to be adopted in the problem definition stage?(62) Suggest some possible areas of application of marketing research?

Marketing research question bank(1) A well established consumer oriented company is engaged in the manufacture of detergent cakes and powder. The Company wants to do in depth study on the consumer profile of detergent cake to readjust its brand positioning. How would you go about doing this?(2) Suppose you are the marketing manager of a newly established electronic industry interested in manufacturing Televisions (TVs). How would you go about assessing the present demand for TVs in the country and the forecast for the next five years? (3) Suggest your own methods for overcoming the resistance to using market research if you are employed as marketing head of a large manufacturing organisation?(4) What is cluster analysis? What are its possible applications? (5) State how the following techniques differ from each other (a) Cluster Analysis (b)Discriminant Analysis.(6) An airlines marketing manager wants to segment his customer. How can cluster analysis be used for this purpose?(7) Give few examples of marketing situations where cluster analysis can be used?(8) Discuss with the help of examples the areas where Multi-dimentional Scaling can be applied for?(9) Define conjoint analysis and state its potientail applications? (10) Describe some marketing research problems that you feel may be amenable to conjoint analysis and explain how you would use conjoint analysis in these situation?(11) What are the steps involved in conjoint analysis? Explain with the help of examples.(12) What are the ways in which percentages may be computed in a cross-tabulation table? which way is the best? (13) In a contingency table, what type of hypothesis is tested using chi-square test? What precautions may be taken while applying the test? (14) What are the various measures used to 'measure the strength of association between two nominal variables? Describe them and clearly mention their limitations, if any.(15) Discuss the problem of using the contingency coefficient in intepreting the results of correlation analysis? (16) Explain the difference between correlation & regression?(17) What is the basic use of a chi-square goodness of fit test'? How is the valueof the test statistic calculated? How are the expected frequenciesdetermined? (18) What is the appropriate test statistic for making inferences about a population mean when the variance is known? When the population variance is unknown? Suppose the population variance is unknown, but the sample size is large, what is the appropriate procedure then?(19)Describe, in brief, the importance of editing, coding, classification, tabulation and presentation of data in the context of research study?(20) Discuss the different aspects of classification of data.What are the likely problems encountered in the classification and how they can be handled?(21) Why tabulation is considered essential in a research study? Give the characteristics of a good table?(22) Write briefly about the different forms of data presentation devices?(23) Discuss the fundamental rules of code construction?(24) Discuss with the help of suitable examples various steps involved in data processing? (25) Highlight the main, differences between qualitative and quantitative research?(26) With the help of examples, discuss the areas where qualitative research can be used in marketing?(27) What are the various methods of conducting qualitative research? Discuss advantages and limitations of each of these methods?(28) What are the four different levels of measurement? Discuss the mathematical operations which may or may not be used under each level of measurement? (29) Explain the three criterion of measuring the usefulness of an attitude scale?(30) Distinguish between graphic and itemised rating scale What are the advantages of itemised scale over graphic rating scales? Name the level of measurement which corresponds to the data collected by graphic rating scale?(31) Distinguish between the following:(a) Forced & Non-forced response formats(b) Comparitive & Non-comparitve formats(c) Balanced & Un-balanced formats(31) Show with the help of an example how you can convert ordinal scale measurement to nominal scale measurement?(33) The method of analysis of data depends upon the level of its measurement". Discuss?(34) Indicate giving reasons the scale of measurements for the following variables:(i) Geographical area(ii) Costs(iii) Index numbers(iv) Preferences(v) Cast in a society(35) Distinguish between the validity and reliability of a measure. How may the reliability of a measure be evaluated?(36) What is meant by a questionnaire? (37) What sort of marketing information can he collected with the help of a questionnaire?(38) What are the merits and demerits of a structured questionnaire? (39) In what sort of marketing studies will you use an unstructured questionnaire? (40) Explain the' meaning of open-ended and closed-ended question?(41) Compare and contrast quota sampling with stratified sampling? (42) Point out the basic difference between stratified sampling and cluster sampling?(43) Explain in detail the various sampling designs under non-probability sampling method. Also bring out their relevance in marketing research studies?(44) One of the important reasons for the use of surveys is that they can obtain sound information on what people actions in the future will be. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer?(45) Discuss the main sources of primary and secondary data?(46) What is the type of data available from official publications?(47) What are the limitations associated with the use of secondary data?(48) What are the tools of collecting data from respondents?(49) Discuss the important sources of error in both secondary and primary data?(50) Explain the various extraneous variables which if not controlled in an experiment contaminate the effect of the independent variable? (51) What are the marketing research situations suitable for(a) Focus group study(b) Panel research design(c) Cross-sectional design (d) Quasi-experimental design(52) Distinguish between exploratory and descriptive research design?(53)What are the major reasons for growing importance of Marketing Research in India'? (54) What are the different ways of conducting marketing research'? Describe the scope for outsourcing of marketing research services in India?(55) Suggest some possible areas where marketing research would find increasing application in India'?(56) Briefly comment on the problems faced by researchers in conducting marketing research in India?(57) What is marketing research? (58) Briefly comment on the definition of marketing research?(59) Indicate whether marketing research is relevant to each of the following organization and if so, how each might benefit from it.(a) Your company (b) Central Minis in the Government of India (c) A retail shop(d) A bank (e) A service business(60) What are the major weaknesses of marketing rese-1rch? (61) Suggest some of the precautions to be adopted in the problem definition stage?(62) Suggest some possible areas of application of marketing research?

 INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE.

 1. (a) Design an algorithm and draw a 6 corresponding flow chart to convert binary

number to hexadecimal number.

(b)Write a shell program to find Greatest 6 Common Divisor (GCD) for the two given

 INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE.

 1. (a) Design an algorithm and draw a 6 corresponding flow chart to convert binary

number to hexadecimal number.

(b)Write a shell program to find Greatest 6 Common Divisor (GCD) for the two given

COMPUTER NETWORKS 1) Draw a hybrid topology having a star backbone with four ring networks.2) Make a diagram (topology) of the network existing in your centre showing the various nodes, and what they actually represent (Computer, Printer, Hub, Router, Switches). Also show how this network is connected with another network (LAN,WAN). What is the Internet bandwidth of the network ? What network OS is used ?3) Draw a hybrid topology having a star backbone with three bus networks.(a) Carefully examine the network interface card of your node and write the detailed specification.(b) Write IP address of your machine.4)Draw a fully connected Five node networks. How many links are there ?5) (a) Write all the steps for file sharing mechanism on your machine.(b) Write the specification of hubs used in networking of the Lab.6) Draw a .hybrid topology having a ring network backbone with 4 bus networks.7) (a) Write all the steps to share and access the printer in the network environment.(b) How can you check the MAC address of your machine ?8) (a) Draw a fully connected 4 node networks. How many links are there ? (b) Draw a hybrid topology having a ring network with 3 bus networks.9) (a) Write all the steps for assigning IP address to your machine.(b) Write the specification of the following devices of your study centre being used in networking.(i) Hub(ii) UTP cable10) (a) Draw a fully connected 6 node networks. How many links are there ? (b) Draw a hybrid topology having a star backbone with 3 ring networks.11)(a) Write the specification of the following devices of your study centre being used innetworking.(i) Router (ii) Network Printer(b) Write all the steps for accessing data from another computer in a network.12 (i) Write all the steps for enabling file sharing mechanism on your machine(ii) What do you understand by these specifications.10 base 2 hubs10 base T hubs13) Write complete specification of your network interface cards.14) Write all the specifications of routers, hubs and switches of your study centre.15) (i) What is IP address of your machine ? Which class it belongs to ?(ii) What is IP address of "IGNOU.ac.in" ? Which class it belongs to ?16) List the H/W components which have been used for the networking of your program centre and write all its specification.17) Write at least two initial steps for troubleshooting a network.18) Write all the steps to connect two computers with network interface cards19) Explain the followings :(i)Rj - 4s(ii) Category 3, 4 or 5 UTP

COMPUTER NETWORKS 1) Draw a hybrid topology having a star backbone with four ring networks.2) Make a diagram (topology) of the network existing in your centre showing the various nodes, and what they actually represent (Computer, Printer, Hub, Router, Switches). Also show how this network is connected with another network (LAN,WAN). What is the Internet bandwidth of the network ? What network OS is used ?3) Draw a hybrid topology having a star backbone with three bus networks.(a) Carefully examine the network interface card of your node and write the detailed specification.(b) Write IP address of your machine.4)Draw a fully connected Five node networks. How many links are there ?5) (a) Write all the steps for file sharing mechanism on your machine.(b) Write the specification of hubs used in networking of the Lab.6) Draw a .hybrid topology having a ring network backbone with 4 bus networks.7) (a) Write all the steps to share and access the printer in the network environment.(b) How can you check the MAC address of your machine ?8) (a) Draw a fully connected 4 node networks. How many links are there ? (b) Draw a hybrid topology having a ring network with 3 bus networks.9) (a) Write all the steps for assigning IP address to your machine.(b) Write the specification of the following devices of your study centre being used in networking.(i) Hub(ii) UTP cable10) (a) Draw a fully connected 6 node networks. How many links are there ? (b) Draw a hybrid topology having a star backbone with 3 ring networks.11)(a) Write the specification of the following devices of your study centre being used innetworking.(i) Router (ii) Network Printer(b) Write all the steps for accessing data from another computer in a network.12 (i) Write all the steps for enabling file sharing mechanism on your machine(ii) What do you understand by these specifications.10 base 2 hubs10 base T hubs13) Write complete specification of your network interface cards.14) Write all the specifications of routers, hubs and switches of your study centre.15) (i) What is IP address of your machine ? Which class it belongs to ?(ii) What is IP address of "IGNOU.ac.in" ? Which class it belongs to ?16) List the H/W components which have been used for the networking of your program centre and write all its specification.17) Write at least two initial steps for troubleshooting a network.18) Write all the steps to connect two computers with network interface cards19) Explain the followings :(i)Rj - 4s(ii) Category 3, 4 or 5 UTP

Software engineering1) Suppose we wish to computerize the activities of study centers, which offer various programmers of the university. The activities are as follows :(i) Forwarding the counselor's biodata to Regional Centre.(ii) Schedule the classes (both theory and practical)(iii) Identify Practical Centers.(iv) Collect TMA's from students and get it evaluated \l the counselors(v) Student's enquiry(vi) Dispatch of Award lists of TMA's to UniversityFor the above mentioned system,(1) Develop SRS.(2, Draw DFDs upto second level.(3) Identify the software modules and their functions.(4) Propose a testing strategy for any two software modules mentioned in above.(3)Make assumptions, wherever necessary.(b) List at least five important qualities of software product and process. ( c ) What is Agility ? List all the principles for those who want to achieve agility. (d) With the help of an example, explain the significance of the PERT chart.2) What is a design method ? What are its five components ?3) What is 4GL ? Explain at least three areas which are impacted by the advent of 4Gts.4) "independence is measured using two qualitative criteria Cohesion and Coupling." Explain both of them in detail.5) Explain how version control combines procedures and tools to manage different versions of configuration objects that are created during the s/w engineering process.6) The requirements engineering process is accomplished through' the execution of functions like Inception, Elicitation, Elaboration' Negotiation, Specification, validation and Management' Explain the role and significance of each of the functions'7) Explain the purpose of each o{ the system tests given below (i) Recovery testing(iii) Security testing(iii) Stress testing(iv) Performance testing8) Write short notes on:(i) The Incremental Model(iii) Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM)(iv) Basis Path Testing9) Income Tax department wants to automate its system. It has the following requirements(i) Filing of annual IT forms through Internet(ii) Filing of PAN card form through Internet(iii) Online discussion form to handle different queries(iv) Specify the three use-cases.(v) Identify the classes and prepare the class diagram for it.10) What is project scheduling ? Explain at least three functions associated with project scheduling.11) Explain COCOMO model.12) What is the importance of software documentation standards ? List any threestandards.13) How is re-engineering different from reverse engineering ? Explain the restructuring technique for re-engineering with the help of an example.14) List various McCall's Quality Factors. What do plain with example.15) Justify the following statements :(i) MTBF = MTTF + MTTR(ii) Software Availability :IMTTF/(MTTF + MTTR)I x700o/o16) List any five principles for data specification used in data design at the component level.17) Consider an Examination System for a school. It performs the following operations.(a) Seating-plan generation and room allocation for students and invigilators.(b) Maintaining records of different courses,student attendance and evaluators.(c) Distributing and collecting answer scripts to/from different evaluators.(d) Maintaining l Displaying student marks.Based on the above specification, answer the following (a) Prepare SRS document for this system. (b) Design and draw DFDs upto two levels. ( c ) Design a complete ER diagram with various components.18) Write short notes on the following : 5(a) Software Quality Assurance(b) Data Coupling(c) Cost Benefit Analysis(d) Decision Tree(e) Risk Management19) ABC Multiplex movie theatre wants to automate its system. It has the following requirements to be fulfilled :n It has 4 auditoriums (theatres).n Normally new film releases/change of the films will be on Fridays only.n Each auditorium will screen 4 movies daily.n To provide the information about all the movies online on its website.n To provide the online ticketing facility through credit cards or debit cards.n Allow to book for families or in groupsn To offer some exclusive offers for its members.n Should automatically send a newsletter every week about the latest information about the movies etc. and through e-mail to its members.(20) For the above mentioned system :(i) Prepare SRS document for this system.(ii) Mention Hardware and Software requirements.(iii) Design and draw DFD's upto two levels.(iv) Design a complete ER diagram with various entities, relationships, cardinality etc.(b) Define CMM. Explain various maturity levels in CMM.(c) With the help of a diagram, describe the layered technology approach to software engineering.21) "The prototype can serve as the first system. It is true that both the customers and developers like the model. Users get a feel for the actual system and developers get to build something immediately". In support with the above statement, explain the prototyping model and also suggest for which kind of projects, this paradigm is suitable. Also mention any two reasons where this paradigm can create problems. Make assumptions wherever needed?(22) Compare and contrast size-oriented metrics with function-oriented metrics?23) What do you mean by cyclomatic complexity ? How do we compute it ?24) List the objectives of the Formal Technical Review (FTR). Also, mention the review reporting and record keeping process of FT& briefly.25) What is the significance of user interface design for any project. Explain briefly, the user interface design guidelines.26) Explain the following testing techniques :(i) Unit Testing:(ii) Integration testing27) Write short note on the following :(a) Temporal Cohesion(b) Software Reliability(c) Risk Management(d) Reverse Engineering(e) CASE Tools28) A University's reception wants to automate the Visitor's Registration Process. It has the following requirements to be ful filled (a) To make note of the visitor's details, purpose of visit, time.(b)Checking process whether she/he has taken the prior appointment of the visiting official(c) To schedule the appointments(d) To cancel the appointments(e) To divert the visitors to other officials depending upon the purpose(f) Follow-up activities after the visit.(g) Report generation.for the above mentioned system.(i) Prepare the JRS document for this system(ii) Mention hardware and software requirements.(iii) Design and draw DFD's upto two levels.(iv) Design a complete FR diagram with 4 various entities, relationships, cordinality etc.29) What is the significance of software 8 configuration management ? Discuss therole of CASE tools in S/W project management30) List the cost estimation techniques explain any one of them.31) Define the term "Risk". How will you 7 identify it ?32) When can we say that the Software Project is amenable for Modular design ? Justify your answer.33) (a) Explain equivalence partitioning.(b) With the help of an example, explain the Flow Graph Notation.34) Explain the following testing techniques :(i) Stress testing(ii) Performance testing(35) Often, Software development companies outsource the job of testing the software developed by them. Why do they outsource ? Why don't they test software developed by themselves ?(36) Write a short note on the following :(a)Graph-based testing methods(b)McCall's Quality Factors(c) Cohesion(37) Design a system for Enrolment Process of a Distance Education University.(i) Draw DFD up to level(ii) Prepare SRS document for the same.(37) Which phase of the SDLC is considered to be the most important phase ? Discuss the reason for its importance.(38) Describe several specific actions that should be taken during software development to achieve the maintainability of the software that is developed(39) Explain what is meant by critical path scheduling. Describe the process of creatingGantt charts. Give an example.(40) Explain use cases and use case diagrams and how they can be used to model systemfunctionality.(42) A desirable property of requirements is that 8 it should be testable. Explain why testable requirements add in the production of high quality software.(43) Discuss in detail the various software process models.44) Explain McCabe's cyclomatic complexity with example.45) Does programming languages have an impact on S/w project planning, analysis,design, coding, testing and maintenance ? Discuss ?46)Explain the following :(a) Debugger(b) Product Vs Process(c) CASE Tools(d)Cocomo Model(e) Risk Management

Software engineering1) Suppose we wish to computerize the activities of study centers, which offer various programmers of the university. The activities are as follows :(i) Forwarding the counselor's biodata to Regional Centre.(ii) Schedule the classes (both theory and practical)(iii) Identify Practical Centers.(iv) Collect TMA's from students and get it evaluated \l the counselors(v) Student's enquiry(vi) Dispatch of Award lists of TMA's to UniversityFor the above mentioned system,(1) Develop SRS.(2, Draw DFDs upto second level.(3) Identify the software modules and their functions.(4) Propose a testing strategy for any two software modules mentioned in above.(3)Make assumptions, wherever necessary.(b) List at least five important qualities of software product and process. ( c ) What is Agility ? List all the principles for those who want to achieve agility. (d) With the help of an example, explain the significance of the PERT chart.2) What is a design method ? What are its five components ?3) What is 4GL ? Explain at least three areas which are impacted by the advent of 4Gts.4) "independence is measured using two qualitative criteria Cohesion and Coupling." Explain both of them in detail.5) Explain how version control combines procedures and tools to manage different versions of configuration objects that are created during the s/w engineering process.6) The requirements engineering process is accomplished through' the execution of functions like Inception, Elicitation, Elaboration' Negotiation, Specification, validation and Management' Explain the role and significance of each of the functions'7) Explain the purpose of each o{ the system tests given below (i) Recovery testing(iii) Security testing(iii) Stress testing(iv) Performance testing8) Write short notes on:(i) The Incremental Model(iii) Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM)(iv) Basis Path Testing9) Income Tax department wants to automate its system. It has the following requirements(i) Filing of annual IT forms through Internet(ii) Filing of PAN card form through Internet(iii) Online discussion form to handle different queries(iv) Specify the three use-cases.(v) Identify the classes and prepare the class diagram for it.10) What is project scheduling ? Explain at least three functions associated with project scheduling.11) Explain COCOMO model.12) What is the importance of software documentation standards ? List any threestandards.13) How is re-engineering different from reverse engineering ? Explain the restructuring technique for re-engineering with the help of an example.14) List various McCall's Quality Factors. What do plain with example.15) Justify the following statements :(i) MTBF = MTTF + MTTR(ii) Software Availability :IMTTF/(MTTF + MTTR)I x700o/o16) List any five principles for data specification used in data design at the component level.17) Consider an Examination System for a school. It performs the following operations.(a) Seating-plan generation and room allocation for students and invigilators.(b) Maintaining records of different courses,student attendance and evaluators.(c) Distributing and collecting answer scripts to/from different evaluators.(d) Maintaining l Displaying student marks.Based on the above specification, answer the following (a) Prepare SRS document for this system. (b) Design and draw DFDs upto two levels. ( c ) Design a complete ER diagram with various components.18) Write short notes on the following : 5(a) Software Quality Assurance(b) Data Coupling(c) Cost Benefit Analysis(d) Decision Tree(e) Risk Management19) ABC Multiplex movie theatre wants to automate its system. It has the following requirements to be fulfilled :n It has 4 auditoriums (theatres).n Normally new film releases/change of the films will be on Fridays only.n Each auditorium will screen 4 movies daily.n To provide the information about all the movies online on its website.n To provide the online ticketing facility through credit cards or debit cards.n Allow to book for families or in groupsn To offer some exclusive offers for its members.n Should automatically send a newsletter every week about the latest information about the movies etc. and through e-mail to its members.(20) For the above mentioned system :(i) Prepare SRS document for this system.(ii) Mention Hardware and Software requirements.(iii) Design and draw DFD's upto two levels.(iv) Design a complete ER diagram with various entities, relationships, cardinality etc.(b) Define CMM. Explain various maturity levels in CMM.(c) With the help of a diagram, describe the layered technology approach to software engineering.21) "The prototype can serve as the first system. It is true that both the customers and developers like the model. Users get a feel for the actual system and developers get to build something immediately". In support with the above statement, explain the prototyping model and also suggest for which kind of projects, this paradigm is suitable. Also mention any two reasons where this paradigm can create problems. Make assumptions wherever needed?(22) Compare and contrast size-oriented metrics with function-oriented metrics?23) What do you mean by cyclomatic complexity ? How do we compute it ?24) List the objectives of the Formal Technical Review (FTR). Also, mention the review reporting and record keeping process of FT& briefly.25) What is the significance of user interface design for any project. Explain briefly, the user interface design guidelines.26) Explain the following testing techniques :(i) Unit Testing:(ii) Integration testing27) Write short note on the following :(a) Temporal Cohesion(b) Software Reliability(c) Risk Management(d) Reverse Engineering(e) CASE Tools28) A University's reception wants to automate the Visitor's Registration Process. It has the following requirements to be ful filled (a) To make note of the visitor's details, purpose of visit, time.(b)Checking process whether she/he has taken the prior appointment of the visiting official(c) To schedule the appointments(d) To cancel the appointments(e) To divert the visitors to other officials depending upon the purpose(f) Follow-up activities after the visit.(g) Report generation.for the above mentioned system.(i) Prepare the JRS document for this system(ii) Mention hardware and software requirements.(iii) Design and draw DFD's upto two levels.(iv) Design a complete FR diagram with 4 various entities, relationships, cordinality etc.29) What is the significance of software 8 configuration management ? Discuss therole of CASE tools in S/W project management30) List the cost estimation techniques explain any one of them.31) Define the term "Risk". How will you 7 identify it ?32) When can we say that the Software Project is amenable for Modular design ? Justify your answer.33) (a) Explain equivalence partitioning.(b) With the help of an example, explain the Flow Graph Notation.34) Explain the following testing techniques :(i) Stress testing(ii) Performance testing(35) Often, Software development companies outsource the job of testing the software developed by them. Why do they outsource ? Why don't they test software developed by themselves ?(36) Write a short note on the following :(a)Graph-based testing methods(b)McCall's Quality Factors(c) Cohesion(37) Design a system for Enrolment Process of a Distance Education University.(i) Draw DFD up to level(ii) Prepare SRS document for the same.(37) Which phase of the SDLC is considered to be the most important phase ? Discuss the reason for its importance.(38) Describe several specific actions that should be taken during software development to achieve the maintainability of the software that is developed(39) Explain what is meant by critical path scheduling. Describe the process of creatingGantt charts. Give an example.(40) Explain use cases and use case diagrams and how they can be used to model systemfunctionality.(42) A desirable property of requirements is that 8 it should be testable. Explain why testable requirements add in the production of high quality software.(43) Discuss in detail the various software process models.44) Explain McCabe's cyclomatic complexity with example.45) Does programming languages have an impact on S/w project planning, analysis,design, coding, testing and maintenance ? Discuss ?46)Explain the following :(a) Debugger(b) Product Vs Process(c) CASE Tools(d)Cocomo Model(e) Risk Management

DATA AND FILE STRUCTURES1 What are the preconditions for applying binary search on any list containing integer values ? Write the algorithm and manually run it on the following list of number 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 882 What is worst case complexity of the above algorithm ?3 How can a polynomial be represented with the help of a linked list ? Write an algorithm to multiply two polynomials of degree 'm' and degree 'n' ?4 Write a program to implement a static stack. Also, mention few applications of stack ?5 Differentiate between the following (i) Space and Time complexity(ii) Indexed file organisation and Indexed sequential file organisation6 Write an algorithm to balance a Red-Black tree after deleting a node ?7 How are the deletions performed in Binary Search Tree ? Explain each case of deletion with an example8 Write algorithm to insert elements in a B-Tree. Make B-Tree using your algorithm for the following list of elements ?2. 4, 9, 8, 7, 6,3, 1, 5, 109 Two Binary trees are similar if they are both empty or if they are both non-empty and left and right subtrees are similar. Write an algorithm to determine if two Binary trees are similar?10 Explain the factors involved in the selection of a particular file organization for user. What is sequential file ? Why are sequential files stored in disk cylinder by cylinder ?11 What are the limitations of a Binary Search Tree (BST) ? How does AVL tree help in this regard ?12 Give an AVL tree for which the deletion of a node requires two double rotations. Draw the tree and explain why two rotations are needed ?13 Write a function in 'C' to insert a node in a linked list at the following position (a) at the beginning(b) at the end14 What are the different types of hash functions How can clustering involved in linear probing be avoided ? Explain any two methods.15 Write an algorithm to sort an array25, 15, 30, 9, 99, 20, 26using insertion sort . Also write the steps involved in it ?16 Write an algorithm to discuss the implementation of breadth first traversal method of a graph?17 Write algorithms for the following (i) To insert a node at a given position in a circular linked list.(ii) To delete the first node from circular linked list.18 Write an algorithm to create a Binary Tree. The algorithm should accept elements and display Binary Tree with those elements ?19 What is a linear queue ? Write an algorithm for adding an element to a linear queue .20 Write a 'C' program to implement priority queue using arrays, check for overflow and underflow conditions ?21 Write an algorithm for the implementation of multiple stacks in an array?22 Write a program in 'C' for the implementation of a Doubly Linked List ?23 Explain sequential file organisation. What are various operations that can beperformed on it ? Also, list any two disadvantages of it.24 Write algorithm for Heap sort. Also run your algorithm manually and show how sorting is done by your algorithm for the following sets of data ?1 6 , 1 4 , 1 0 , 8 , 7 , 9 , 3 , 2 , 4 , 725 Compare Arrays with linked list by mentioning the advantages and limitations of both?26 Why is Red-Black tree considered a better data structure than Binary Search tree and AVL tree ? Write algorithm to insert a node in Red-black tree. Take proper example also.27 Sort the following numbers using Quick sort algorithm. Show all intermediate steps. 10, 70, 2, 32, 11, 48, 6, 1928 Differentiate between singly linked list and Doubly linked list. Write algorithm to insert and delete elements in a singly linked list ?29 What are the differences between sequential and direct file organisation ? Under what conditions, if any, is it advantageous to have the file organised as a direct file rather than sequential file ?30 Write short notes on the following with an example (a) Red Black Tree(b) Multiple stacks(c) Applications of Tree(d) Kruskal's Algorithm.(e) Binary search31 Define the term "Complexity". For what types of applications is Time Complexity Critical and for what types of applications is Space Complexity Critical?32 Write an algorithm to implement the following functions of a dequeue. Also, give an example to show the working of these functions ?(i) Insert Element(ii) Create DEQUEUE(iii) Delete Element33 Write an algorithm for multiplication of two sparse matrices?34 What is cylinder - surface indexing ? Explain it with an example. Also, write its merits and demerits.35 Define Abstract Data Type, and give two examples of it ?36 Explain the following using an example(i) Breadth First Search(ii) AVL Tree37 Write a program to store the roll numbers and names of students in a binary searchtree. Write a function to accept a number and display the name of the student, whoseroll number matches with this number. Give suitable messages if the roll number does notexist in the binary search tree ?38 Write a program to simulate a circular queue using pointers with functions for insertion, deletion. (Use singly linked list)?39 Write an algorithm for pushing an element into a stack?40 Write a program to find the frequency of words in a given text. The list of words andtheir corresponding frequency should be in the alphabetical order of words ?41 Explain the properties and operations of AA trees ?42 What are the essential features of a binary tree ? Explain, how a general tree can be converted into a binary tree ?43 Write an algorithm to balance a Red-Black tree after deleting a node ?

DATA AND FILE STRUCTURES1 What are the preconditions for applying binary search on any list containing integer values ? Write the algorithm and manually run it on the following list of number 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 882 What is worst case complexity of the above algorithm ?3 How can a polynomial be represented with the help of a linked list ? Write an algorithm to multiply two polynomials of degree 'm' and degree 'n' ?4 Write a program to implement a static stack. Also, mention few applications of stack ?5 Differentiate between the following (i) Space and Time complexity(ii) Indexed file organisation and Indexed sequential file organisation6 Write an algorithm to balance a Red-Black tree after deleting a node ?7 How are the deletions performed in Binary Search Tree ? Explain each case of deletion with an example8 Write algorithm to insert elements in a B-Tree. Make B-Tree using your algorithm for the following list of elements ?2. 4, 9, 8, 7, 6,3, 1, 5, 109 Two Binary trees are similar if they are both empty or if they are both non-empty and left and right subtrees are similar. Write an algorithm to determine if two Binary trees are similar?10 Explain the factors involved in the selection of a particular file organization for user. What is sequential file ? Why are sequential files stored in disk cylinder by cylinder ?11 What are the limitations of a Binary Search Tree (BST) ? How does AVL tree help in this regard ?12 Give an AVL tree for which the deletion of a node requires two double rotations. Draw the tree and explain why two rotations are needed ?13 Write a function in 'C' to insert a node in a linked list at the following position (a) at the beginning(b) at the end14 What are the different types of hash functions How can clustering involved in linear probing be avoided ? Explain any two methods.15 Write an algorithm to sort an array25, 15, 30, 9, 99, 20, 26using insertion sort . Also write the steps involved in it ?16 Write an algorithm to discuss the implementation of breadth first traversal method of a graph?17 Write algorithms for the following (i) To insert a node at a given position in a circular linked list.(ii) To delete the first node from circular linked list.18 Write an algorithm to create a Binary Tree. The algorithm should accept elements and display Binary Tree with those elements ?19 What is a linear queue ? Write an algorithm for adding an element to a linear queue .20 Write a 'C' program to implement priority queue using arrays, check for overflow and underflow conditions ?21 Write an algorithm for the implementation of multiple stacks in an array?22 Write a program in 'C' for the implementation of a Doubly Linked List ?23 Explain sequential file organisation. What are various operations that can beperformed on it ? Also, list any two disadvantages of it.24 Write algorithm for Heap sort. Also run your algorithm manually and show how sorting is done by your algorithm for the following sets of data ?1 6 , 1 4 , 1 0 , 8 , 7 , 9 , 3 , 2 , 4 , 725 Compare Arrays with linked list by mentioning the advantages and limitations of both?26 Why is Red-Black tree considered a better data structure than Binary Search tree and AVL tree ? Write algorithm to insert a node in Red-black tree. Take proper example also.27 Sort the following numbers using Quick sort algorithm. Show all intermediate steps. 10, 70, 2, 32, 11, 48, 6, 1928 Differentiate between singly linked list and Doubly linked list. Write algorithm to insert and delete elements in a singly linked list ?29 What are the differences between sequential and direct file organisation ? Under what conditions, if any, is it advantageous to have the file organised as a direct file rather than sequential file ?30 Write short notes on the following with an example (a) Red Black Tree(b) Multiple stacks(c) Applications of Tree(d) Kruskal's Algorithm.(e) Binary search31 Define the term "Complexity". For what types of applications is Time Complexity Critical and for what types of applications is Space Complexity Critical?32 Write an algorithm to implement the following functions of a dequeue. Also, give an example to show the working of these functions ?(i) Insert Element(ii) Create DEQUEUE(iii) Delete Element33 Write an algorithm for multiplication of two sparse matrices?34 What is cylinder - surface indexing ? Explain it with an example. Also, write its merits and demerits.35 Define Abstract Data Type, and give two examples of it ?36 Explain the following using an example(i) Breadth First Search(ii) AVL Tree37 Write a program to store the roll numbers and names of students in a binary searchtree. Write a function to accept a number and display the name of the student, whoseroll number matches with this number. Give suitable messages if the roll number does notexist in the binary search tree ?38 Write a program to simulate a circular queue using pointers with functions for insertion, deletion. (Use singly linked list)?39 Write an algorithm for pushing an element into a stack?40 Write a program to find the frequency of words in a given text. The list of words andtheir corresponding frequency should be in the alphabetical order of words ?41 Explain the properties and operations of AA trees ?42 What are the essential features of a binary tree ? Explain, how a general tree can be converted into a binary tree ?43 Write an algorithm to balance a Red-Black tree after deleting a node ?

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING MANAGEMENT1) Define marketing and explain its implications. Explain how marketing is different ,from selling.2) What are the marketing concepts? Explain the process of evolution of these concepts.3) What is the consumer's place in modern marketing?4) What is marketing mix? Explain the components of marketing mix.5) What do you understand by the strategic concept of marketing ? How it is differentfrom marketing concept? Explain the basic principles of strategic marketing.6) Why do firms go international? Explain with the help of examples from Indiancontext.7) Imagine that you are serving is a marketing manager in a domestic firm which is notvery keen to go international despite good business opportunites overseas. Write a note to the president of the firm explaining the importance of international marketing and the involvement and commitment the company would be received to maks for entering international markets.8) What is the relationship between market segmenthtion, market targeting and product positioning?9) Discuss the importance of market,segmentation in marketing decisions and explain the bases of market segmentation.10) What are the elements that influence in deciding the principles of segmentation and what will be the suitable base for marketing of Television in various countries? Also suggest the marketing strategies to be followed.11) what are the different market targeting strategies? Explain them with appropriate examples.12) "Global positioning is most effective for product categories that approach either end of "high-touch/ high-tech continuum ". Elaborate.13) State the various modes of entry to foreign markets. Briefly explain each of them.14) Differentiate between joint venture and strategic alliance. Explain their relative advantages and disadvantages as strategies for foreign market entry.15) Differentiate between licensing and franchising and explain their relative advantages and disadvantages as international market entry strategies.16) International business firm wants to produce the product in the foreign country and market it there. But the firm is not interested in investing in establishing manufacturing facilities in the foreign country. Identify the entry modes suitable in regard and explain them.17) Which is the mode of entry where the international business firm can start international marketing without any investments abroad? Explain it alongwith its merits and limitations.18) A company wants to enter into idternational markets. The company decided to involve another company in the foreign country. State the modes of entery where the scope for the involvement of a foreign company is possible. Explain those modes and critically evaluate and state in which situations each of them is suitable.19) Examine the different strategies adopted by the Indian jute sector to survive and prosper in the domestic sector as well as in overseas markets, when the traditional use of jute as a packaging material has been threatened by synthetics such as polypropylene20) Evaluate the factors of standardisation and adaptation of the product.21) Describe the phase.s of the international product life cycle. How does it help to the planning of the product.22) What are the risks involved in the new product development? Explain the process of the new product development.23) What are the main characteristics of product development? Discuss the importance of product development in the present highly competitive environment.24) What do you mean by branding? Explain the importance of branding.25) Do you think that branding is an important marketing tool. Discuss and explain the basic decisions in branding.26) How would you formulate the branding strategies for textile products? Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of various branding strategies.27) Describe the,functions and importance of packaging. what are the special considerations in packaging and labelling in international marketing?28) Differentiate between warranty and guarantee. What are their role in marketing,29) Distinguish between direct and indirect selling channel. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both the channels.30) Distinguish between domestic agents and domestic merchants. Explain various typesof domestic agents.31) Describe various types of domestic merchants with suitable examples.32) What are the factors affecting the channel choice ? Discuss the criteria for selectionof channels.33) Do you think that the overseas agents are advantageous. Discuss and explain how can you identify a foreign agent,34) Draft a hypothetical export agency agreement.35) Write short notes on the following:(a) Overseas agent(b) Piggybackings(c) Export agency agreements.

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING MANAGEMENT1) Define marketing and explain its implications. Explain how marketing is different ,from selling.2) What are the marketing concepts? Explain the process of evolution of these concepts.3) What is the consumer's place in modern marketing?4) What is marketing mix? Explain the components of marketing mix.5) What do you understand by the strategic concept of marketing ? How it is differentfrom marketing concept? Explain the basic principles of strategic marketing.6) Why do firms go international? Explain with the help of examples from Indiancontext.7) Imagine that you are serving is a marketing manager in a domestic firm which is notvery keen to go international despite good business opportunites overseas. Write a note to the president of the firm explaining the importance of international marketing and the involvement and commitment the company would be received to maks for entering international markets.8) What is the relationship between market segmenthtion, market targeting and product positioning?9) Discuss the importance of market,segmentation in marketing decisions and explain the bases of market segmentation.10) What are the elements that influence in deciding the principles of segmentation and what will be the suitable base for marketing of Television in various countries? Also suggest the marketing strategies to be followed.11) what are the different market targeting strategies? Explain them with appropriate examples.12) "Global positioning is most effective for product categories that approach either end of "high-touch/ high-tech continuum ". Elaborate.13) State the various modes of entry to foreign markets. Briefly explain each of them.14) Differentiate between joint venture and strategic alliance. Explain their relative advantages and disadvantages as strategies for foreign market entry.15) Differentiate between licensing and franchising and explain their relative advantages and disadvantages as international market entry strategies.16) International business firm wants to produce the product in the foreign country and market it there. But the firm is not interested in investing in establishing manufacturing facilities in the foreign country. Identify the entry modes suitable in regard and explain them.17) Which is the mode of entry where the international business firm can start international marketing without any investments abroad? Explain it alongwith its merits and limitations.18) A company wants to enter into idternational markets. The company decided to involve another company in the foreign country. State the modes of entery where the scope for the involvement of a foreign company is possible. Explain those modes and critically evaluate and state in which situations each of them is suitable.19) Examine the different strategies adopted by the Indian jute sector to survive and prosper in the domestic sector as well as in overseas markets, when the traditional use of jute as a packaging material has been threatened by synthetics such as polypropylene20) Evaluate the factors of standardisation and adaptation of the product.21) Describe the phase.s of the international product life cycle. How does it help to the planning of the product.22) What are the risks involved in the new product development? Explain the process of the new product development.23) What are the main characteristics of product development? Discuss the importance of product development in the present highly competitive environment.24) What do you mean by branding? Explain the importance of branding.25) Do you think that branding is an important marketing tool. Discuss and explain the basic decisions in branding.26) How would you formulate the branding strategies for textile products? Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of various branding strategies.27) Describe the,functions and importance of packaging. what are the special considerations in packaging and labelling in international marketing?28) Differentiate between warranty and guarantee. What are their role in marketing,29) Distinguish between direct and indirect selling channel. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both the channels.30) Distinguish between domestic agents and domestic merchants. Explain various typesof domestic agents.31) Describe various types of domestic merchants with suitable examples.32) What are the factors affecting the channel choice ? Discuss the criteria for selectionof channels.33) Do you think that the overseas agents are advantageous. Discuss and explain how can you identify a foreign agent,34) Draft a hypothetical export agency agreement.35) Write short notes on the following:(a) Overseas agent(b) Piggybackings(c) Export agency agreements.

International Marketing Logistics1) Define Marketing Logistics and explain its objectives.2) What are the main activities involved in marketing logistics? Explain them briefly.3) Why do you regard logistics as an important activity of marketing? Explain it with special reference to international trade.4) "Difference between domestic and international logistics can be said to arise on account of three major factors." Elaborate on this statement and enumerate the recent developments in international logistics that have made it an important plank of corporate strategy.5) In the context? of trade liberalisation policies in India, examine the importance ofa) domestic logisticsb) international logistics6) You are free to purchase tea, process and back it, and export it to a buyer in U.K. Plan logistics set up right upto the consumer.7) Comment on the following statements.a) Traditionally, physical distribution is considered as the other half of marketing.b) Distribution, marketing and manufacturing can not be viewed as separate activities within the business, particularly at the strategic level.c)Logistics system helps in improving the customer service.8) State the four levels at which logistics information is needed and explain the main features of an integrated information system.9) "Meeting distribution demands of customers is the key requirement for the successful operation of a distribution system." Elaborate on this statement and discuss the various customer service considerations.10) What are the major aspects of strategic logistics planning? Explain these aspects and enumerate the factors that influence logistics planning11) What are the three important concepts relevant to logistics management by an organization? Explain them briefly and-state which one you regard as the best approachand why?12) Discuss the various environmental aspects which an organization engaged in foreign trade has to reckon with and clarify their impact on logistics system.13) "Objectives and policies for functioning of the supply chain are usually in conflict both within and across operational units." Amplify this statement and explain how can they be balanced in order to build up an integrative logistic system.14) Describe the role of air transport in movement of cargo in overseas trade of India.15) Outline the structure of civil aviation in India and discuss the role of AAI and DGCAin the functioning of air services in India.16) Describe the working of Air India and Indian Airlines and state the impact of allowing private operators on their functioning.17) What are the problems faced by air transport in India and how far the policy framework and programmers envisaged for the Ninth Plan could help in improving the air services.18) Analysis the role of major airports in India in handling overseas cargo, and state the constraints faced by them.19) Write explanatory notes on any three of the following:a) Significance of air transportb) Pawan Hans Helicopters Limitedc) Air cargo tariffd) IGRUAe) BCAS20) Enumerate the salient. features of commercial shipping and explain its importance for the development of international trade.21) Describe the nature and uses of various types of ships, If you are required to transport 30,000 MT of crude oil from UK to USA and within the same month 80,000 MT of whea in bulk from New Orleans to Rotterdam, decide upon your selection bf a ship and justify the same,22) What are the advantages of registration of a ship, An Indian company has purchased new ship, Briefly describe the procedure for its registration.23)Distinguish between registration and classification, and describe the advantages of classification.24) Indicate the difference between classification survey, registration survey and underwriters' survey; and enumerate the important checks the classification society does ownership